While previous studies on climate-resilient agriculture have emphasized adoption patterns, productivity, or environmental benefits, limited empirical evidence exists on how specific adaptive strategies influence farmers’ vulnerability to climate change across diverse landscapes. This study examines the effectiveness of different adaptation measures—such as crop switching, mulching, and water harvesting—across varying terrain types in Sikkim, India’s first fully organic state. Using primary data from 350 farming households, a Principal Component Analysis (PCA)-derived Vulnerability Index was developed to capture household exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. Linear regression and interaction analyses were then applied to identify the most effective adaptive strategies by terrain—valley, mid-hill, and high slope—and their combined influence on reducing household vulnerability. Results reveal that the effectiveness of adaptive strategies is terrain-dependent: water harvesting and crop rotation significantly reduce household vulnerability in high-altitude areas, while mulching and agroforestry are associated with higher vulnerability, likely due to their resource demands and limited suitability on steep slopes. Tailoring adaptation policies to altitude and terrain-specific contexts can prevent maladaptation and enhance the climate resilience of mountain farming households.

Authors:
Tenzin Choeki Lachungpa, Tohoku University, Japan
Minakshi Keeni, Tohoku University, Japan
Katsuhito Fuyuki, Tohoku University, Japan

About the Presenter(s)
Tenzin Lachungpa is a first year doctoral student at the Graduate school of agricultural sciences, Tohoku University.

See this presentation on the full schedule – Sunday Schedule

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