Presentation Schedule
Early Private Tutoring Effects: Does Preschool Tutoring Influence Later Cognitive Achievement? (103649)
Session Chair: Pei-I Chou
Saturday, 7 February 2026 10:00
Session: Session 1
Room: Opal 104 (Level 1)
Presentation Type: Oral Presentation
This study examines the causal effects of early childhood private tutoring on children’s later academic achievement, using longitudinal data from the Korean Child Panel (2012–2020). Despite the growing prevalence of early tutoring across East Asia, empirical evidence on its long-term impact remains limited, particularly during the preschool-to-school transition period. To address this gap, the study focuses on the cognitive effects of tutoring experiences before school entry, measured by objective test scores in language and mathematics at the first, second, and sixth grades of elementary school. A quasi-experimental framework was employed to approximate random assignment. Specifically, Propensity Score Matching (PSM) was applied to construct comparable samples between children who received tutoring and those who did not, while Multiple Imputation (MI) techniques were used to correct for missing data and reduce attrition bias. The findings reveal that children with early tutoring experience performed modestly better in language application and numeracy immediately after school entry. However, these advantages diminished over time, with little evidence of persistence by the sixth grade. The results suggest that early tutoring may generate short-term academic gains but limited sustained benefits. This study contributes to the growing body of research on early learning inequality by providing causal evidence from a nationally representative dataset. Policy implications highlight the importance of strengthening foundational learning support and targeted early interventions within the public education system, rather than expanding private tutoring markets that may exacerbate social disparities.
Authors:
Nahyeon Park, Pusan National University, South Korea
Minjong Yoon, Pusan National University, South Korea
About the Presenter(s)
Nahyeon Park is currently pursuing a Ph.D. in Sociology of Education at Pusan National University.
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