The integration of generative AI into education is rapidly advancing. In Japan, the Ministry of Education issued 2024 guidelines for its use in primary and secondary schools. These guidelines acknowledge AI’s potential to enhance learning support and administrative efficiency while simultaneously warning about risks such as copyright infringement, data breaches, and misuse, indicating the sector has entered an implementation phase. To examine teachers’ and students’ attitudes toward educational use, we conducted a nationwide survey using a 5-point Likert scale in 2024 (N=8,769) and a follow-up in 2025 (N=9,044). Results showed that the mean score for the statement “AI will expand possibilities in education and learning” increased significantly among teachers (from 3.42 to 3.5, p < .001) and more markedly among students (from 3.6 to 3.8, p < .001). For “AI will be useful for my future,” students' scores rose significantly (3.55 to 3.75, p < .001), while teachers' scores changed little (3.35→3.39, ns), indicating growing career-oriented optimism specifically among students. Conversely, anxieties also rose. Concern about "overdependence on AI" increased for both groups (teachers: 3.63→3.73; students: 3.62→3.82, p < .001). Furthermore, the concern that “AI-generated text might be regarded as misconduct” also increased (teachers: 3.75→3.85; students: 3.57→3.78, p < .001). Taken together, these findings suggest a dynamic context where high expectations and substantial concerns coexist. Ensuring responsible AI use requires strengthening teacher training, assessment design, and ethics education across Japanese schools.

Authors:
Nagayuki Saito, Sendai University, Japan
Chiaki Hashimoto, Sendai University, Japan
Yasumasa Yamaguchi, Sendai University, Japan

About the Presenter(s)
Dr. Nagayuki Saito is a professor at Sendai University, Faculty of Sports Science, Department of Sports Information & Mass Media, and a special researcher Fellow at the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications.

Connect on Linkedin
https://www.linkedin.com/in/nagayuki-saito-b06b2945/

Connect on ResearchGate
https://researchmap.jp/read0144607?lang=en

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